14 source-reviewed stories · Drugs & supplements
What can medicines and supplements actually show?
Compare medicines, experimental compounds, and supplements while keeping formulation, population, outcome, and regulatory context visible.
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Spermidine did not improve the trial’s primary memory outcome
In the 12-month SmartAge trial, a wheat-germ spermidine extract did not improve the prespecified memory outcome or secondary outcomes. Exploratory signals do not establish dementia prevention or longer life.
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The latest evidence on medicines and supplements
Newest first, using each story’s primary category. Evidence scope describes what was reviewed; it is not a score.
Spermidine did not improve the trial’s primary memory outcome
In the 12-month SmartAge trial, a wheat-germ spermidine extract did not improve the prespecified memory outcome or secondary outcomes. Exploratory signals do not establish dementia prevention or longer life.
Human cognitive tests · randomized phase 2b trialRead the storyUrolithin A missed both primary outcomes in older adults
ENERGIZE found no significant benefit for six-minute walk distance or maximal ATP production. Secondary endurance and biomarker signals remain preliminary and do not establish disability prevention or longer healthy life.
Human function and biomarkers · small randomized trialRead the storyGlyNAC’s small trial cannot establish reversal of aging
A 16-week study randomized 24 older adults—12 per arm—and reported many biomarker and function measures. Its size, multiplicity and exploratory analyses do not prove that GlyNAC reverses aging or extends healthspan.
Human biomarkers and function · very small randomized trialRead the storyASPREE found no gain in disability-free survival—and more major bleeding
In 19,114 selected older adults, daily low-dose aspirin did not improve the trial’s composite of death, dementia or persistent physical disability over a median 4.7 years. Major hemorrhage was higher.
Human function and safety · large randomized trialRead the storyASPREE did not lower cardiovascular events—and increased major bleeding
In selected older adults without cardiovascular disease, low-dose aspirin did not significantly reduce the trial’s cardiovascular composite. Major hemorrhage occurred more often.
Human cardiovascular and safety outcomes · large randomized trialRead the storyASPREE’s cancer signal changed across longer follow-up
The randomized trial found an unexpected cancer-mortality imbalance. Longer follow-up found no difference in overall cancer incidence and no post-trial mortality legacy effect.
Human mortality and cancer outcomes · randomized trial plus observational extensionRead the story
Melatonin can shift sleep outcomes—not human aging
Specific prolonged-release melatonin trials reported modest sleep benefits; they did not test biological-age reversal, healthspan or lifespan.
Human sleep outcomes · product-specific randomized trialsRead the storyVitamin D is essential. VITAL still found no broad prevention benefit
In generally healthy adults, vitamin D3 did not significantly reduce invasive cancer, major cardiovascular events, or fractures; deficiency treatment is a different question.
Human clinical outcomes · large randomized prevention trial Read the storyResveratrol has a longevity reputation. Human trials tell a mixed story
One small memory-test signal sits beside several null or unfavorable metabolic trials; human evidence does not show longer life or healthspan.
Human biomarkers and cognitive tests · small heterogeneous trials Read the storyStatin evidence changes with age, risk and prevention setting
Evidence is clearer after vascular disease than for starting primary prevention after age 75, and it does not establish longer life.
Human clinical outcomes · trials and pooled evidence Read the story“Omega-3” is not one intervention—and the trial results do not transfer
Two mixed EPA+DHA trials were neutral on primary outcomes; prescription icosapent ethyl benefited a defined high-risk population with safety and comparator limits.
Human clinical outcomes · formulation-specific randomized trials Read the storyCreatine added to resistance training may improve some strength measures—not longevity
Pooled short trials found modest lean-mass and strength gains, while a related one-year analysis found no additional benefit.
Human function · trials and pooled evidence Read the storySemaglutide reduced cardiovascular events in SELECT—not aging
The randomized result and approved indication are population-specific; anti-aging, healthspan and lifespan claims were not tested.
Human clinical outcomes · large randomized trial Read the storyNAD precursors raise some metabolites; human longevity benefits remain unproven
Small trials show target engagement, not broad clinical, healthspan or lifespan benefit—and products and routes are not interchangeable.
Human biomarkers · small trials Read the storyMetformin is established for diabetes—not for extending healthy human life
Small older-adult studies show mechanistic changes and a blunted hypertrophy signal, not healthspan or lifespan extension.
Human biomarkers and muscle · small trials Read the storyHuman senolytic studies remain small safety and feasibility pilots
Three disease-specific pilot studies do not establish rejuvenation, healthy-person benefit, healthspan or lifespan extension.
Early human safety and feasibility · small pilots Read the storyPEARL trial found no change in its main visceral-fat outcome
The 48-week randomized trial reported a null primary outcome, exploratory signals and substantial limits on broader healthy-aging claims.
Human outcomes · small randomized trial Read the story