21 source-reviewed stories · Health & function
Which outcomes help people stay healthier and independent?
Browse reporting on mobility, cognition, cardiovascular events, hearing, and other outcomes that matter to health and independence.
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ACCORD’s intensive glucose target increased mortality and was stopped early
In 10,251 adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, an intensive multi-drug strategy targeting near-normal glycated hemoglobin did not significantly reduce the primary cardiovascular outcome and increased all-cause mortality.
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The latest evidence on health, function and independence
Newest first, using each story’s primary category. Evidence scope describes what was reviewed; it is not a score.
STRIDE did not significantly reduce serious fall injuries in primary care
In 5,451 older adults at increased fall-injury risk, a nurse-led multifactorial strategy did not significantly reduce the first adjudicated serious fall injury versus enhanced usual care. A secondary self-reported fall-injury outcome differed.
Human serious fall injuries · large pragmatic cluster-randomized trialRead the story
LiFE reduced self-reported falls by embedding activity in daily routines
Among 317 selected older adults at high risk of falls, the LiFE program integrated balance and strength activities into everyday routines and reduced the self-reported fall rate versus sham gentle exercise over 12 months.
Human self-reported falls and function · small randomized trialRead the story
A tailored Tai Ji Quan program reduced falls in one high-risk trial
In 670 selected community-dwelling older adults at high risk of falling, a therapeutically tailored Tai Ji Quan program reduced falls over 24 weeks versus stretching and multimodal exercise.
Human fall incidence · three-arm randomized trialRead the story
ACCORD’s intensive glucose target increased mortality and was stopped early
In 10,251 adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, an intensive multi-drug strategy targeting near-normal glycated hemoglobin did not significantly reduce the primary cardiovascular outcome and increased all-cause mortality.
Human cardiovascular events, mortality and safety · large randomized trialRead the storyA colonoscopy invitation lowered cancer incidence—not mortality at 13 years
In NordICC, inviting adults to one colonoscopy reduced colorectal-cancer incidence at 13 years. Colorectal-cancer mortality was not significantly lower, and participation limits what the invitation result says about completing screening.
Human cancer incidence and mortality · large randomized invitation trialRead the storyLow-dose CT reduced lung-cancer mortality in selected high-risk smokers
NLST found fewer lung-cancer deaths with three annual low-dose CT screens than with chest radiography in selected current and former heavy smokers. The benefit came with many positive results that were false positives under the trial definition.
Human lung-cancer mortality · large randomized screening trialRead the storyPSA screening lowered prostate-cancer mortality—and increased diagnoses
After 21 years in Rotterdam’s ERSPC section, repeated PSA-based screening reduced prostate-cancer mortality and metastatic disease in the primary age group, while producing substantially more prostate-cancer diagnoses.
Human prostate-cancer mortality and diagnosis · long randomized screening follow-upRead the storyTRAVERSE found cardiovascular noninferiority—not a longevity benefit
Among selected men with hypogonadism and elevated cardiovascular risk, testosterone gel was noninferior to placebo for major cardiovascular events; the trial did not test longer life or general anti-aging use.
Human cardiovascular outcomes · large randomized noninferiority trialRead the storyTestosterone did not prevent fractures in TRAVERSE
Clinical fractures were more frequent with testosterone than placebo in TRAVERSE; a smaller substudy’s bone-density gain cannot substitute for fracture outcomes.
Human fracture and bone-density outcomes · randomized trialsRead the storyTestosterone’s walking result was modest—not an anti-aging effect
The prespecified Physical Function Trial threshold was not significant in its enrolled subgroup; broader secondary walking results do not establish disability prevention, healthspan or longevity.
Human physical-function outcomes · one-year randomized trialsRead the story
CPAP improved symptoms—not cardiovascular events in major trials
SAVE and ISAACC did not significantly reduce their primary cardiovascular outcomes; SAVE separately found symptom and quality-of-life benefits.
Human cardiovascular and symptom outcomes · large randomized trialsRead the storyShingles vaccines prevent shingles. Dementia evidence remains non-randomized
Randomized trials established shingles prevention. Dementia findings come from observational and quasi-experimental studies and do not prove prevention.
Human disease outcomes · randomized and non-randomized evidenceRead the storyHigh-dose flu vaccine reduced influenza—not immune aging
The randomized result was 1.4% versus 1.9% influenza across two seasons, not proof of immune rejuvenation or longer life.
Human infection outcome · large randomized trialRead the storyRSV vaccines reduce respiratory disease. Separate trials cannot rank them
Arexvy, Abrysvo and mResvia each reduced a trial-defined RSV respiratory endpoint, but separate protocols cannot establish a product ranking.
Human respiratory outcomes · three randomized vaccine trialsRead the storyMenopausal hormone therapy treats symptoms. WHI did not show a longevity benefit
WHI found a formulation-specific mix of benefits and harms, no overall 18-year mortality difference, and no basis for general longevity prevention.
Human disease outcomes and mortality · randomized trialsRead the storyZoledronic acid reduced fractures in osteoporosis—not aging itself
HORIZON reduced vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis, with outcome-specific duration and safety limits—not evidence of slower aging.
Human fracture outcomes · large randomized trialRead the story
FINGER slightly improved cognitive-test scores. It did not prove dementia prevention
A combined two-year program produced a small cognitive-test advantage; it cannot identify a winning component or establish dementia, disability, mortality, healthspan, or lifespan benefit.
Human cognitive tests · randomized multidomain trialRead the story
Cognitive training improved practiced skills—not survival or proven dementia prevention
ACTIVE supports trained-ability gains and some function signals, found no mortality benefit, and leaves a claims-based dementia subgroup methodologically disputed.
Human trained abilities and long-term outcomes · randomized trial plus disputed secondary analysisRead the storyMultivitamins moved some tests and aging clocks. What does that mean?
COSMOS found small cognitive-test differences and modest movement in two DNA-methylation clocks; neither establishes dementia prevention or longer life.
Human cognitive tests and biomarkers · correlated randomized substudiesRead the storySPRINT reduced cardiovascular events—not aging itself
Intensive treatment lowered cardiovascular events and mortality in eligible high-risk adults, with more hypotension, electrolyte problems and kidney injury.
Human clinical outcomes · large randomized trialRead the storyHearing intervention did not slow cognitive decline across the full ACHIEVE trial
The three-year trial was null across its full cohort. Signals in higher-risk groups need confirmation and do not establish dementia prevention.
Human outcomes · randomized trial with subgroup signalsRead the story